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Beverly Cotton Manufactory
Beverly Cotton Manufactory was the first cotton mill built in America, and the largest cotton mill to be built during its era.〔Bagnall, William R. The Textile Industries of the United States: Including Sketches and Notices of Cotton, Woolen, Silk, and Linen Manufacturers in the Colonial Period. Vol. I. Pg 97. The Riverside Press, 1893.〕〔Walton, Perry. The Story of Textiles; A Bird's-Eye View of the History of the Beginning and the Growth of the Industry by Which Mankind Is Clothed. Pg 89. General Books LLC, 2009.〕〔Davis, William Thomas. The New England States: Their Constitutional, Judicial, Educational, Commercial, Professional and Industrial History. Vol I. Pg 119. D.H.Hurd & co., 1897.〕〔Galvin, William Francis, Sec. MHC Reconnaissance Survey Town Report, Beverly. Pg 12. Massachusetts Historical Commission, 1986.〕 It was built hoping for economic success, but reached a downturn due to technical limitations of the then early production process and limitations of the machines being used. Being the birthplace and testing grounds of the cotton milling industry at the time, it has been called the birthplace of the American Industrial Revolution.
==History==
The founders of the original mill business concept were Thomas Somers and James Leonard, who had recruited others to build and create the mill and machines. In 1787, Beverly Cotton Manufactory was established by The Proprietors of the Beverly Cotton Manufactory, a Massachusetts company that consisted of Capt. John Cabot, George Cabot, Andrew Cabot, Deborah Higginson Cabot, Henry Higginson, Dr. Joshua Fisher, Moses Brown, Israel Thorndike, and Isaac Chapman. In 1789, legislation had shown that 22/40 of company ownership was shared by Cabot and Higginson incorporators, with 9/40 being owned by Fisher, 4/40 by Brown, 4/40 by Thorndike, and 1/40 belonging to Chapman. Capt. Cabot and Fisher were the largest shareholders individually, 19/40 together, and were the managers of the manufactory. Massachusetts legislature formed a decision on lending for the mill to be built. As a group, the proprietors were the inventors of the first methods in America of spinning cotton commercially. On February 17, 1789, Massachusetts legislature decided to repay The Proprietors of the Beverly Cotton Manufactory for £500 of their losses and efforts in starting the mill, as a valuable resource for the community.〔Bagnall, William R. The Textile Industries of the United States: Including Sketches and Notices of Cotton, Woolen, Silk, and Linen Manufacturers in the Colonial Period. Vol. I. The Riverside Press, 1893.〕〔Massachusetts General Court. Acts and Resolves Passed by the General Court. Resolves, 1788. December Session. Chpt. 119. Pgs 362-363. Massachusetts General Court, 1894.〕〔Batchelder, Samuel. Introduction and Early Progress of the Cotton Manufacture in the United States. Pgs 26-30. Little Brown and Company, 1863.〕
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